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Class-12, Bio- notes
Notes
Chapter-10
Microbes in Human Welfare
Introduction
➤ Microbes (protozoa,bacteria,virus,fungi,viroids) are present every where-in soil,water,air,inside our body.
➤Microbes causes disease in human beings,in animals and plants but several microbes are also use-full to man in many ways.
➤Mostly microbes are composition (every where) and they are survive any condition like salty,very cold and high temperature.
Microbes in household products :- microbes are also important in production of house hold. which use as daily life.
Curd:- production of curd by bacteria lactobacillus is also called LAB (lactic acid bacteria).
➤LAB produce lactic acid that partially digested the milk protein cogulate into curd.
➤Small amount of curd uses as starter (inoculum of curd add-fresh milk).
Curd is rich of vitamin-B12(Anemia).
Cheese:- It produce by a bacteria called propionibacterium Shermanii, which makes the holes in swiss cheese are ripened by the help of co2 production as a by product.
Bread:- Dough (wet flour) which is use for making bread A bacteria saccharomyces cerevisiae who produce CO2 in the absence of O2 that the reseason floar are douch.
Dhosa,Upma,Idli:- ➤Rice and black gram (urad) ferment for 3-9 hours with air born Lectonostoc and Steptococcus spaces of bacteri.
➤These bacteria produce CO2 during fermentation causing puffing up of the daugh.
➤bacteria produce CO2 during fermentation causing puffing up of the daugh.
Toddy:- Commonly called Tadi.
It fermented sap of palm (stem of palm).
Microbes in Industrial production:-
Fermented beverages,antibiotic,alcohol enzyme and other bioactive molecule etc produced by using microbes on industrial soil.
Fermentor:- which we grown microbes on industry in large vesscels called fermentors.
A. Alcohal Ferm ention:- Louis pasture - Formed firmed Bear and Buttermilk with the help of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer Yeast).
On those days every one unknown these things.
Sugar→Fermentation (yest cell)→(ATP)Energy For Yest Cell→By product Ethanol (alcohal).
➤Barley( )uses (malt)for beer.
➤Potato for vodka.
➤Apple for fenny.
➤Rye melt for gin.
➤Cereals for whisky.
➤Rice for sake (japanes).
➤Cashew for rum and fermented juice for wines and brandy.
➤All these beverage products are formed due to fermentation.
Beverage Type Alcohol %
Brandy Fruit 40-5o
Whisky Cereal Grains 40-55
Rum Molasses/Sugarcane 40-55
Wines Grapes also other fruits 10-22
Beer Cereals 4-8
Toddy Flower of Coconut and Palm 5-10
Arrack Paddy/Wheat 50-60
B. Antibiotics:- G.K. world means of Anti→(Against) and Bio→(life), Antibiotics means against the disease causing organism of life.
An antibiotic is an antimicrobial drug that is active against the bacteria.
Ex- Penicillin→
Chlormphenicol→
Term antibiotics was coined by "selman walksman 1943"
➤In 1928 Alexander Fleming Notice that colonies of bacteria (staphylococci) growing of a culture plate had been affected by a mould (penicillum Notatum)
➤A decade earnst chain ,Howard Florey are isolated the lingredient responsibil penicillum, and show that it was highly effective against many serious bacterial pathogen.
➤This led to the discovery of penicillum the first antibiotic.
➤This antibio highly used at world war Ⅱ.
➤Fleming chain and florey adwarded by noble prize in 1945 .
➤Ampicillin and Amoxillin which antibiotics prevent different type of pathogen are caused by microbes its called broad spectrum Antibiotics.
🟢Example of narrow spectrum antibiotics:-Its work against particular or specific pathogen.
Ex- older pathogen (pen G).
Marcolides.
Vancomycins.
🟢Example of bactericides (KillIng bacteria):- Its working like a action means killing the bacteria
ex- Cephalosparins (cephems)
monobactums and carbapenems.
🟢Example of bacteiostatics:- Its working like inhibitors Which prevents the growth of bacteria.
ex-Tetracyclines
Sulfonamids.
✩Arganic acid:- Microbes are used to maked organic acid by the process of Fermented alcohol.
1. Acetic acid:- It is prepared from fermented alcohol with the help of acetic bacteria ,autobacter aceti.
Zymase Zymase
C6H12O6────────⟶2C2H5OH+2CO2──────